- Raman Ayan
- Feb 12, 2024
- 0 min read
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- Raman Ayan
- Feb 9, 2024
- 2 min read
## Industrial preparation of Sulphuric acid by Contact process:
The Contact process is the dominant method for industrial production of sulfuric acid due to its efficiency and environmental friendliness compared to the older Chamber process. Here's a breakdown of the key steps involved:
1. Preparation of Sulphur dioxide (SO2):
* Sulfur, in various forms like elemental sulfur, pyrite (FeS2), or other sulfides, is burned in air to produce SO2:
* S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)
* 4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) → 8SO2(g) + 2Fe2O3(s)
* The SO2 gas is then purified to remove impurities like dust, arsenic, and other harmful metals. This is crucial for the catalyst's efficiency in the next step.
2. Conversion of SO2 to Sulphur trioxide (SO3):
* The purified SO2 gas is mixed with excess air and passed through a converter containing a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) catalyst at around 450°C.
* The exothermic reaction converts SO2 to SO3:
* 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2SO3(g) ΔH < 0
* The equilibrium favors SO2 at high temperatures and SO3 at low temperatures. The optimal temperature balances conversion efficiency with catalyst longevity.
3. Conversion of SO3 to Sulfuric acid (H2SO4):
* SO3 cannot be directly absorbed in water due to its exothermic reaction forming a mist. It's first absorbed in concentrated sulfuric acid to form oleum (H2SO4•SO3):
* SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) → H2S2O7(l) (oleum)
* Oleum is then diluted with water in a controlled manner to produce sulfuric acid of the desired concentration:
* H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) → 2H2SO4(l)
Additional points:
* The Contact process is a multi-stage process with heat recovery and multiple converters to improve efficiency and yield.
* The process also produces a small amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) as a byproduct, which require control measures to minimize environmental impact.
* Sulfuric acid is a vital industrial chemical used in various applications, including fertilizers, batteries, detergents, and many others.
I hope this explanation provides a clear overview of the industrial preparation of sulfuric acid by the Contact process. Feel free to ask if you have any further questions!
- Raman Ayan
- Mar 8, 2023
- 3 min read
1. Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following properties of aluminium are responsible for the same? (i) Good thermal conductivity (ii) Good electrical conductivity (iii) Ductility (iv) High melting point (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: d
2. The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust is (a) Iron (b) Aluminium (c) Calcium (d) Sodium
Answer
Answer: b
3. The poorest conductor of heat among metals is (a) Lead (b) Mercury (c) Calcium (d) Sodium
Answer
Answer: a
4. Which property of metals is used for making bells and strings of musical instruments like Sitar and Violin? (a) Sonorousness (b) Malleability (c) Ductility (d) Conductivity
Answer
Answer: a
5. Al2O3 + 2NaOH → …… + H2O (a) Al(OH)3 (b) Na2O (c) NaAlO2 (d) AlNaO2
Answer
Answer: c
6. Which of the following is the correct arrange-ment of the given metals in ascending order of their reactivity? Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium (a) Zinc > Iron > Magnesium > Sodium (b) Sodium > Magnesium > Iron > Zinc (c) Sodium > Zinc > Magnesium > Iron (d) Sodium > Magnesium > Zinc > Iron
Answer
Answer: d
7. Which of the following pairs will give dis-placement reactions? (a) FeSO4 solution and Copper metal (b) AgNO3 solution and Copper metal (c) CuSO4 solution and Silver metal (d) NaCl solution and Copper metal
Answer
Answer: b
8. Non-metals form covalent chlorides because (a) they can give electrons to chlorine (b) they can share electrons with chlorine (c) they can give electrons to chlorine atoms to form chloride ions (d) they cannot share electrons with chlorine atoms
Answer
Answer: b
9. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam? (a) FeO (b) Fe2O3 (c) Fe3O4 (d) Fe2O3 and Fe2O4
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c Explaination: Reason: 3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
10. Which of tire following are not ionic compounds? (i) KCl (ii) HCl (iii) CCl4 (iv) NaCl (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
Answer
Answer: b
11. The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are as follows: X = 2, 4, Y = 2, 7, Z = 2,1 Which two elements will combine to form an ionic compound and write the correct formula, (a) X2Y (b) YZ (c) XZ3</sub (d) Y2Z
Answer
Answer: b
12. The highly reactive metals like Sodium, Potas-sium, Magnesium, etc. are extracted by the (a) electrolysis of their molten chloride (b) electrolysis of their molten oxides (c) reduction by aluminium (d) reduction by carbon
Answer
Answer: a
13. Which of the following non-metal is lustrous? (a) Sulphur (b) Oxygen (c) Nitrogen (d) Iodine
Answer
Answer: d
14. Example of an amphoteric oxide is: (a) Na2O (b) K2O (C) Al2O3 (d) MgO
Answer
Answer: c
15. Which one among the following is an acidic oxide? (a) Na2O (b) CO (c) CO2 (d) Al2O3
Answer
Answer: c
16. The atomic number of an element ‘X’ is 12. Which inert gas is nearest to X? (a) He (b) Ar (c) Ne (d) Kr
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c Explaination: Reason: ‘X’ is Magnesium and Argon (Ar) with atomic number 12 is the closest inert gas to it.
17, The process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the absence of air to convert it into metal oxide is called (a) Roasting (b) Reduction (c) Calcination (d) Smelting
Answer
Answer: c
18. Oxides of moderately reactive metals like Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Tin, Copper etc. are reduced by using (a) Aluminium as reducing agent (b) Sodium as reducing agent (c) Carbon as reducing agent (d) Calcium as reducing agent
Answer
Answer: c
19. In thermite welding a mixture of …… and …… is ignited with a burning magnesium ribbon which produces molten iron metal as large amount of heat is evolved. (a) iron (III) oxide and aluminium powder (b) iron (II) oxide and aluminium powder (c) iron (III) chloride and aluminium powder (d) iron (III) sulphate and aluminium powder
Answer
Answer: a
20. Galvanisation is a method of protecting iron from rudftng by coating with a thin layer of (a) Galium (b) Aluminium (c) Zinc (d) Silver
Answer
Answer: c
21. An element X is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the following (a) Mg (b) Na (c) P (d) Ca
Answer
Answer: b
22. Reaction between X and Y forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by Z? (a) Has high melting point (b) Has low melting point (c) Conducts electricity in molten state (d) Occurs as solid
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c Explaination: Reason: Z is an ionic compound. It has a high melting point.
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